elementary type

Exception

contract Sample {
    function sampleFunction() {
        throw;
    }
}

modifier	description
external	Accessible only from external
public	Accessible from everywhere
internal	Accessible only from inside
private	Accessible from own contract or child contract

word	description
msg.sender	Address which called the function.
msg.value	Sending value in wei when the function is called for sending token.
this	The contract address.
this.balance	Balance of this contract.
address.balance	Balance of the address in wei.
modifier
throw	throw exception. When an exception is thrown, all ether that equals to gas limit will be consumed.
event
payable	This must be added to the functions which send ether.

signature	parameter	description
falback (function)	(none)	function which receives no argument, is called when the function specified in transaction or message doesn’t exist in the contract, and ether send transaction is called.
selfdestruct / suicide	address	Discard the contract and send all ether in the contract to the passed address.
require	condition (true or false)	if the condition is evaluated as false, throw exception and abort the procedure.